ARTICLES PERIODONTAL DISEASE & SYSTEMIC DISEASE
Periodontal Disease and Cognitive Behaviour
Periodontitis or gum disease is common in older people and may become more common in Alzheimer's disease because of a reduced ability to take care of oral hygiene as the disease progresses. Higher levels of antibodies to periodontal bacteria are associated with an increase in levels of inflammatory molecules elsewhere in the body, which in turn has been linked to greater rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease in previous studies
Periodontal Disease & Cardiovascular Disease
Numerous studies show that periodontal disease, more commonly known as gum disease, is associated with an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease, and cardiac death. In December 2025, scientific research with new information showing an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including conditions such as angina and stroke caused by plaque buildup in the arteries. Periodontal disease is one of the most common chronic conditions in adults and is frequently undiagnosed, which makes early detection during routine dental visits especially important for protecting both oral health and overall health.
“Regular visits to the dentist that help prevent, detect, and treat periodontal disease early are one of many steps patients can take for good oral health and good heart health,” said Carolyn Ghazal, DDS, Executive Vice President at PDS Health.
Periodontal Health and the Premenopausal Stage
The premenopausal stage is a time of significant hormonal change, and while many people are aware of its impact on general health, fewer realise the important connection between these changes and oral health—particularly periodontal (gum) health.
Understanding the Link
During the premenopausal years, levels of hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone begin to fluctuate. These hormonal changes can affect how the body responds to plaque bacteria, often increasing inflammation within the gums.
As a result, some individuals may notice:
-
Increased gum sensitivity or tenderness
-
Bleeding when brushing or flossing
-
Swollen or reddened gums
-
A higher risk of developing or worsening gum disease
This condition is sometimes referred to as hormone-related gingivitis, and if left unmanaged, it can progress to periodontitis a more advanced form of gum disease that affects the supporting structures of the teeth.
Why Periodontal Health Matters
Healthy gums are essential not only for maintaining teeth but also for overall wellbeing. Periodontal disease has been linked to wider health concerns, including cardiovascular conditions and systemic inflammation.
During the premenopausal stage, maintaining good gum health becomes even more important, as the body may be more reactive to even small amounts of plaque.
Common Challenges
Premenopausal individuals may also experience:
-
Dry mouth (xerostomia), which can increase the risk of plaque build-up and decay
-
Changes in taste or oral comfort
-
Increased susceptibility to irritation from dental products or appliances
These changes can make daily oral care feel more challenging, but with the right support, they can be effectively managed.
Supporting Healthy Gums
At Care+ Patients, we recommend a proactive and preventative approach:
-
Maintain excellent daily oral hygiene
Brush twice daily with a fluoride toothpaste and clean interdentally using floss or interdental brushes. -
Attend regular hygiene visits
Professional cleaning helps remove plaque and tartar in areas that are difficult to reach at home. -
Stay hydrated
Drinking water regularly can help manage dry mouth and support natural saliva flow. -
Use tailored products if needed
Your dental professional may recommend specific toothpastes or mouthwashes to help manage sensitivity or dryness. -
Seek early advice
If you notice changes in your gums—such as bleeding or discomfort—early intervention can prevent progression. -
A Personalised Approach
Every patient experiences the premenopausal stage differently. That’s why personalised care is essential. At Care+ Patients, we take the time to understand your individual needs, providing tailored advice and treatment to support both your oral and overall health.
Looking after your gums during this stage of life is an investment in your long-term health and wellbeing. With the right care and support, you can maintain a healthy, confident smile at every stage.